TWO VIEWPOINTS OF OS

1. User View:

The user’s view of the computer varies depending on the interface being used.

Personal Computer (PC) Systems:

1. Users interact with PCs consisting of a monitor, keyboard, mouse, and system unit.
2. Operating systems are designed for single-user experiences, focusing on Resource utilization is not a priority as the goal is to maximize ease of use and individual productivity.

Mainframe/Minicomputer Systems:

1. Users connect to a mainframe or minicomputer through terminals, sharing resources and exchanging information.
2. The operating system prioritizes resource utilization to efficiently allocate CPU time, memory, and I/O among multiple users.

Networked Workstations:

1. Users work on dedicated workstations connected to networks of other workstations and servers, sharing resources such as networking and servers including file, compute, and print servers.
2. Operating system balances individual usability and resource utilization.

Mobile Computers (Smartphones and Tablets):

1. Mobile computers like smartphones and tablets are standalone units primarily used by individual users.
2. The operating system prioritizes user-friendly interfaces, often featuring touch screens, for email and web browsing.

Embedded Computers:

1. Embedded computers are found in home devices and automobiles.
2. They may have limited user interfaces, such as numeric keypads and indicator lights, and are designed to run without much user intervention.

2. System View

Resource Allocation:

1. The operating system acts as a resource allocator, managing and allocating various computer resources such as CPU time, memory space, file storage, and I/O devices.
2. It makes decisions on how to efficiently and fairly allocate these resources to specific programs and users.

Efficient Operation:

1. The operating system’s role is to ensure the efficient operation of the computer system.
2. It handles numerous and potentially conflicting requests for resources, making decisions on how to allocate them in a way that optimizes the overall performance and utilization of the system.

Fair Resource Allocation:

1. In situations where multiple users access the same mainframe or minicomputer, the operating system must allocate resources fairly among the users.
2. It aims to prevent any user from monopolizing resources and ensures that each user gets their fair share.

Control Program:

• Another perspective of an operating system is as a control program. It manages the execution of user programs, preventing errors and improper use of the computer.

• The operating system is responsible for controlling and coordinating the operation of I/O devices, ensuring proper communication between the devices and user programs.